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THE HUMAN RIBS


A Rib from the middle of the series should be taken in order to study the common characters of the ribs.
Each rib presents two extremities, a posterior or vertebral, an anterior or ster­nal, and an intervening portion-the body or shaft.The posterior or vertebral extremity presents for examination a head, neck, and tuberosity. The head is marked by a kidney-shaped articular sur­face, divided by. a horizontal ridge into two facets for articulation with the costal cavity formed by the junction of the bodies of two contiguous dorsal vertebrse ; the upper facet i- small, the inferior one of larger size; the ridge separating them serves for the attachment of the interarticular ligament. The neck is that flat­tened portion of the rib which extends outward from the head; it is about an inch long, and is p aced in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrte with 'hieh the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior roueh f r the attachment of the middle costo-transverse ligament, and perforated b.' n merous foramina, the direction of which is less constant than those foun 1 on the inner surface of the shaft. Of its two borders the superior presents a rouzh ( - f r the attachment of the anterior costo-transverse ligament; its inferior b rd r '.; r unded. On the posterior surface of the neck, just where it joins the shaf an I rer the lower than the upper border, is an eminence-s-the tuberosity, or bere it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion.

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